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What method is used to establish EME contacts?

  1. Time synchronous transmissions alternately from each station

  2. Storing and forwarding digital messages

  3. Judging optimum transmission times by monitoring beacons reflected from the Moon

  4. High speed CW identification to avoid fading

The correct answer is: Time synchronous transmissions alternately from each station

Establishing Earth-Moon-Earth (EME) contacts typically involves two stations transmitting signals alternately in a time-synchronous manner. This method allows for effective communication since the signals are reflected off the Moon back to Earth. Each station takes turns sending their signals while monitoring the incoming signals from the other station. This ensures that both operators are able to effectively communicate despite potential delays caused by the long distance and the round-trip time taken for the signals to reach the Moon and return. While other methods mentioned may play a role in different types of communication, they do not specifically apply to the unique challenges and processes associated with EME communication. For instance, storing and forwarding digital messages might relate to different digital communication methods rather than real-time synchronous contacts needed for successful EME interactions. Additionally, judging transmission times by monitoring moonbeacons is more about optimizing when to transmit but does not establish the actual contact mechanism. High-speed CW identification could help identify signals but does not directly address the process of establishing EME contacts, which fundamentally relies on time-synchronized transmissions.